Διοκλητιανὸς καὶ Μαξιμιανὸς Σεβαστοὶ Κωνστάντις καὶ Μαξιμιανὸς Καίσαρες λίθον διορίζοντα ἀγροὺς κώμης Δηρας κὲ Ωσεας στηριχθῆνε ἐκέλευσαν φροντίδι Αἰλίου Στατούτου τοῦ διασημοτάτου

The Augusti Diocletianus and Maximianus, the Caesars Constantius and Maximianus, ordered the erection of the stone which divides the lands of the villages of Dera and Ωσεα by the most eminent Aelius Statutus.

Λὶθον διορίζοντα ἀγροὺς κωμῶν Ωσεας κὲ Περισης

The stone which divides the lands of the villages Ωσεα and Περιση.

Λὶθος διορίζων ὅρια κωμῶν Γαλανιας καὶ ὅρια Ῥαμης

The stone which divides the lands of the villages of Galania and Rama.

חמעה

Vinegar

Σαβῖνα Θεοδώρου ἐτῶν λ´

Sabina, daughter of Theodorus. Thirty years old.

Imperatori Nervae Traiano Caesari Augusto Germanico Dacico, ex testamento Marci Iuli Secundi primi pili, Iulia Caii filia Grata uxor et heres. Αὐτοκράτορι Νέρουᾳ Τραιανῷ Καίσαρι Σεβαστῷ Γερμανικῷ Δακικῷ ἐκ διαθήκης Μάρκου Ἰουλίου Σεκούνδου πριμιπιλαρίου Ἰουλία Γαίου θυγάτηρ Γράτα γαμετὴ αὐτοῦ καὶ κληρονόμος.

Built for Emperor Nerva Trajan Caesar Augustus Germanicus Dacicus, by the testamentary engraving of Marcus Julius Secundus, former first centurion. Julia Grata, daughter of Gaius, his wife and heir. [Functionally identical Greek and Latin texts]

ὑπὸ γενομένου ἑκατοντάρχου λεγεῶνος τετάρτης Σκυ[θικῆς ἐδόθησαν ισχείλια καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν ἔργον στύλους ἕξ σὺν ἐπιστυλίοις | καὶ Μάρκος Ἄννιος Ἀκίνδυνος κληρονομήσαντες ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἀπηργάσαντο). Lἔτους γς᾿

By […], former centurion of legio IV Scythica […] were given […]thousand and more works, six columns with architraves […] and Marcus Annius Akindynus after they had inherited, from their own resources. In the 203rd year of Pompey.

ὑπὲρ σωτηρίας Καίσαρος καὶ τῶν τὰ ἀληθῆ καὶ συμφέροντα λεγόντων καὶ ποιούντων τῇ πόλει Γάιος Ἰούλιος Γρᾶτος πριμιπιλάριος Διογένους υἱός.

For the safety of Caesar and those who say and do what is true and appropriate for the city. Gaius Julius Gratus, former first centurion, son of Diogenes.

Γαίου Ἀννίου Γαίου Ἀννίου υἱοῦ ι᾿ λεγεῶνος Φρετενσίας

Gaius Annius, son of Gaius Annius. Legio X Fretensis.

Ἀγαθῇ Τύχῃ· Αὐρήλιος Διόφαντος Γαιανοῦ ἀστυνομήσας ἐποίησεν νυμφέον σὺν ἀγάλματι μαρμαρίνῳ ἐξ ιδίων τῇ πατρίδι

Good Fortune, Aurelius Diophantos, son of Gaianos, being astynomos, made the nymphaeum with the marble statue at his own expense for the fatherland.

בוטא

Buta (?)

שפירה שפירהאפלגנה

Shappira, Shappira. Apollogena.

א ב ג ד ה ו ז ח ט י כ ל מ נ

ברוךאלהנו לעולם ברוך שמו לעולם

Blessed be our God forever, blessed be his name forever

תליתא שנת 1213 יהבת לבית קרנים 1 אחרן יום שבתא 29 תשרייהבת להן דבלא 1אחרן יום שבתא 13 למרחשוןיהבת להן דבלא 1אחרן יום חד בשבה14 בה למרשאיהבת להן דבלא 1 ליתמה בקפה 1 בבית קרניםאחרן ליתתמה בקפא 1כלא דבלין 13

The third, year 12 (or 13), to/of ...[...]I gave to Beit Qarnayim 1...;Another (matter): (on) the Sabbath Day, 29th of Tishri,I gave them 1 fig-cake;Another (matter): (on the Sabbath day, 13th of Marheswan,I gave them 1 fig-cake;Another (matter): (on) Sunday,14th of it, in the evening,I gave them 1 fig-cake.[To Yatma]h - 1 in a large vessel (?), in Beit Qarnayim.Another (matter): to Yatmah - 1 in a large vessel (?)All (together) - 13 fig-cakes.

ערובת שבתא שתה לכסלו שנת 1314 ב חמישיתא אבלת בצפרא יום שבתא שבעה בה בצפרא לות בר חדרולרמשא לות אליה 1516 בה בה לרמשא טלמאערובת שבתא 26 בה אבלתלרמשא לות בעליתריום שבתא 27 בה צפר ורמשאבלת מן בית קרנים כל 2 ס 3 ק

Friday, 6th of Kislev, year13 (or 14) on/in/at... the fifth I delivered in the morning;The Sabbath day, 7th of it, in the morning, to the son of hdr (?)and in the evening to 'Eliyah 15...16of it in the evening 2 loaves of breadFriday, 26th of it, I deliveredin the evening to b'lytrThe Sabbath day, 27th of it, morning and evening,I delivered from Beit Qarnayim all (together) 2 se'in, 3 qabin.

ערובת שבתא 4 לא יום שבתא בצפרא ולרמשא בכלהר ו בשבה 6 בה ל ד

Friday, 4th of ...[...]The Sabbath day, in the morning [...]and in the evening ...[...]Sunday, 6th [of it]... 20[...]... ...

עד לא אזלת והדךאמרת אבלת שס 1 ק 3ומן די אזלת עד לא אחתהסקת כל 1 די אבלת עדיום די אחת שס 2 ות די אתן בה ת בש ב ה שבעה הסקת על י יהודה שס שבע ק 3 כלא שס 10 ק 5אחרן ליהודה יתיר מן דנה4 בשבה 1 לאב עד יום 1בשבה 5 לאב לחם 5

Before I went and...I meant to deliver b(arley) s(eah) 1, q(abin) 4.And when I went, before I came,I raised all (together) 1 - which I delivered until(the) day came-- (up to?) 2 s(e'in) of b(arley)... in the week, seve[n?]...[...] I raised (up?) to Y[?][] Yehudah b(arley) s(e'in) [?]seven, q(abin) 3 ...[?]

Imperator Caesar divi Vespasiani filius Domitianus Augustus Germanicus pontifex maximus tribunicia potestate VIIII imperator XXI censor perpetuus consul XV pater patriae iis qui militaverunt equites et pedites in alis duabus et cohortibus septem quae appellantur I Thracum Mauretana et veterana Gaetulorum et I Augusta Lusitanorum et I Damascena Armeniaca et I milliaria sagittariorum et I et II Thracum et II Cantabrorum et III Callaecorum Bracaraugustanorum et sunt in Iudaea sub Tito Pomponio Basso qui quina et vicena stipendia merverant dimissis honesta missione quorum nomina subscripta sunt ipsis liberis posterisque oeorum civitatem dedit et conubium

Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus pius felix Augustus Parthicus maximus Britannicus maximus pontifex maximus tribunicia potestatis XVI imperator II consul III pater patriae proconsul vias et pontes retituit VI Ἀπὸ Σκυθοπολεως ς

Μᾶρκος Ἀντώνιος Οὐάλης οὐετρανός λεγιῶνος δεκάτου Φρετησίας ἀνέθηκε κοντὸν ἀργυροῦν θεῷ Ὀλυβρει

Marcus Antonius Valens. Veteran of the Legion X Fretensis dedicated this silver spear to the god Olybris.

ἈσκληπιάδουΔιὶ Ὀλυβρι εὐχήν

From Asclepiades, to Zeus Olybris, a vow.

דבנה זייג ריש צבורה ד רי בריה דמרי ושלתי ורבי ואתתיה

… which Zyyg, the son of Mari, the Head of the Community of … (Jericho? Ariach? Diran? 'our dwelling'?), has built, and [i.e., together with] Shalti and Rabbi and his wife.

לכה התית טמי עוזיה מלך יהודה ולאלמפתח

To this place were brought the bones of Uzziah King of Judah. Do not open.

Θήκη Ἱερεμία Κολοκασίου. Ἰώση κὲּ Θεοδοτοῦς οἷ τέκνῳ αὐτῶν ἐποίησαν

Grave of Jeremias Kolokasios. Iose and Theodotous [who] (made this) for their son.

ברה דשימונאאבדו הדה טבלהמנדידון

The sons of Simon made [i.e., donated] this panel from their own [means].

שם בשם שם ש

[magic signs] name [magic signs] in the name, name [magic signs]

Of the City (of Ashkelon) 1 libra.

θεὸς βοήθι ἰλασθήτι Ἀμήν

God assist; be merciful, Amen!

ב5 לתשרי זידאלבר קוסעני קודותש ם 26 נתינאמנקדה

On the 5th of Tishri, ZaydiʾelSon of Qosʿany, in possession.B(arley), 26 s(eah).[...] NetynaʾMaqqedah.

+ Ἐπὶ τοῦ ἁγιωτάτου Θεωδόρου ἐπισκόκπουκαὶ Σαβίου πρεσβυτέρου ἐγένετο τὸ πᾶν ἔργον τῆκϚαι ψηφώσεωκϚαι ἐκ σπουδῆκϚαι Ἀβεσοβουκαὶ Ἰωάνου καὶ Ἰερεμίου· ἸνδικτιῶνοκϚαι δ´.

In the days of the most holy Bishop Theodore and Sabinius the priest, all of the work on the mosaic was done through the efforts of Abesobo and John and Jeremiah. In the fourth indiction.

αλμε Βασιλεὺς Ἀντίοχος Νέσσῳ χαίρειν παρὰ τῶν ἐν τῷ τῆς Ἰαμνίας λιμένι Σιδωνίων ἐδόθη τὸ κατακεχωρισμένον ὑπόμνημα. ἐπειδὴκαί οἱ δεδηκωμένοι εἰσίν ἀτελεῖς ὅπως καί οὖτοι τῶν αὐτῶν φιλανθώπων ἀπολαύωνται. ἔρρωσο θυρ’ Λωίου Βασιλεῖ Ἀντιόχῳ Εὐπατόρι ὑπόμνημα παρὰ τῶν ἐν τῷ τῆς Ἰαμνίας λιμένι Σιδωνίων πολλὰς χρείας παρεισχημένων τῶι πάππῳ ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὴν ναυτικὴν χρειὰν τοῖς ἐπιτασσομἐνοις ἀόκνως αὐτοὺς ἐπήνεσε τὸν πατέρα σοῦ πρόαγον εἰς τοὺς καταιγ ΔΕΧΑΤΤΩΝΓΕΝ ΑΤΩΝΔ ΝΤΗΣΔ ΟΥ

[King An]tiochus to Nessos, greetings. The recorded petition was submitted by [the Sid]onians [in the Port of Jamnia]. Since... the... referred to are [also] immune... so that they will also enjoy the same privileges. Farwell. Loos 149. Petition to [King] Antiochus Eupator from the Sidonians [in the Port of Jamnia]. Since [their ancestors] rendered many services to his grandfather, promptly obeying [all] instructions regarding naval service...

דכרן מן שמה דקרחדתכר לטב עד לעלםוידר אלהים אתכל עדברים האלהלאמר אנכי יהוהאלהיך לא יהוהלך אלהים אחריםעל פני לא תעשהלך פסל כל תמונהכי אנכי יהוהאלהיך אל קנהשמור את יום השבתלקדושאו כבד אתאת אביך ואת אמךלא תרצח לא תנעףלא תגנוב לא תענה בערךלא תחמד והקמנת אתהאבנים האלע אשר וםאנכי מצוה אתכם היבערגרם קומה יהוה

ἈθανάσιςἈθανάσιος

Athanasios

דכור לטב ברשמעון דזבן הדוןעמודה בשנת למלכותה ד

remembered for good … son of Simon who bought this column in the year … in the reign of …

אשר יהוה אלהיכנתן לך לא תרצחלא תנאף לא תגנב

... which God your Lord gave you. Do not murder. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. ...

Perpetuae paciDiocletianus Augustus et Maximianus Augustus et Constantius et Maximianusnobilissimi Caesaresalam cum ostio constitueruntper providentiam Prisci praesidis provinciae Syriae Palaestinae multivotisXX multivotisXL

For perpetual peace,Diocletian Augustus andMaximianus Augustus andConstantius and Maximianusthe noble Caesarserected the wing with the gate,by care of Priscusthe governor of the provinceof Syria Palaestina (?).Left ear: Numerous vows for the twenty-year jubilee.Right ear: Numerous vows for the forty-year jubilee.

+ Χριστὲ βοήηθη ἄμ βα Μελλίττᾳ ქრისტე შეიწყალე მ

Christ, help Abba Mell[itas?] “Christ, have mercy… M (?) …

Μνημῖονμνημεῖον ΜακκρῖνοςΜακρῖνος Ἀμήρου ἀποθανόντος ἠτῶνἐτῶν λγʹ ἤτουςἔτους διακοσσιστοῦ δʹ μηνὸς ἈρτημησίουἈρτεμισίου ζκʹ

Monument of Makrinos (Macrinus), (son) of Ameros, who died (at the age) of 33 years, in (the) two hundred and 4th year, on (the) 27th (day) of (the) month Artemisios.

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον Ἐννάθη Ἀλφίου ἀποθανόντος ἐτῶν λγʹ ἔτους σιζʹ μηνὸς Ξανδικοῦ ζιʹ ἡμέρᾳ Κυρίου δευτέρᾳ ΘάρσιΘάρσει Ἐννάθη οὐδὶςοὐδείς ἀθάνατος +

Monument of Ennathe, (daughter) of Alphios, who died (at the age) of 33 years, in (the) year 217, on (the) 17th (day) of (the) month of Xandikos, on (the) second day of (the) Lord (Monday). Be of good cheer, Ennathe, no one (is) immortal.

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον Παύλου Γεμέλλου τελευτήσαντος ἐτῶν δεκαοκτώ ἔτους διακοσιστοῦ ιηʹ μηνὸς Αὐδοναίου

Monument of Paulus, (son) of Gemellus, who died (at the age) of eighteen years, in (the) two hundred and 18th year, on (the) .. (day) of (the) month Audynaios...

ΘάρσιΘάρσει Μνημῖονμνημεῖον Δημητρίου ὀφφικιαλίου ἀποθανόντος ἐτῶν ξʹ ἔτους σκδʹ

Be of good cheer. Monument of Demetrios the officialis (member of the officium) who died (at the age) of 60 years, in (the) year 224.

Μνημῖονμνημῖον ΣιβύληςΣιβύλλης ἈσκληπιάδουςἈσκληπιάδου ἀποθανοῦσα ἐτῶν θʹ ἔτους σκθʹ ἐν μηνὶ Ξανθικῷ ἡμέρᾳ Διός

Monument of Sibylla, (daughter) of Asclepiades, who died (at the age) of 9 years, in (the) year 229(?), on (the) .. (day) of (the) month Xanthikos(?) on [the day] of Jupiter ? (Thursday).

+ Μνημῖονμνημεῖον Ὀλεφου Βουέσθα ἀποθανόντα ἐν ἔτιἔτει σμʹ μηνὶ ΓορπιέουΓοργιαιῳ

Monument of Olefos (son) of Bouestha, who died in the year 240, on (the) ... (day) of (the) month Gorpiaios.

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον Σαρίδας ΠιθολάουΠειθολάου ἀρχισυνόγωγοςἀρχισυνάγωγος ἀποθανόντοἀποθανόντος ἐτῶν οʹ ἔτους σμʹ ἡμέρᾳ Σελήνης μηνὰςμηνός Δίου κεʹ ΘάρσιΘάρσει οὐδὶς ἀθάνατος

Monument of Saridas, (son) of P(e)itholaos, the archisynagogos, who died (at the age) of 70 years, in (the) year 240, on (the) day of (the) Moon (Monday), on (the) 25th (day) of (the) month Dios. Be of good cheer, no one (is) immortal.

Μνημῖονμνημεῖον ΤροείλλαΤρωΐλα Αὐξιβίου ἀποθανούσης ἐτῶν λεʹ ἔτους σμαʹ

Monument of Troila, (daughter) of Auxibios, who died (at the age) of 35 years, in (the) year 241.

Μνημῖονμνημεῖον Οὐαρδοῦς Αὐξιβίου ἀπογενομένης ἐτῶν λʹ ἔτους σμαʹ ΘάρσιΘάρσει οὐδὶςοὐδείς ἀθάνατος

Monument of Ouardous, (daughter) of Auxibios who died (at the age) of 30 years in (the) year 241. Be of good cheer, no one (is) immortal.

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον ΟὐβοδοῦςὈβοδοῦς Φιναθέου ἀποθανούσης ἐτῶν δύο ἔτους σμδʹμηνὸς ΠανέμουΠανήμου ἡμέρᾳ Ἑρμοῦ

Monument of Obodous, (daughter) of Finatheos (?), who died (at the age) of two years, in (the) year 244, in (the) month of Panemos, on (the) day of Mercury (Wednesday).

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον Θοάϊς Προσδοκίου ἀπογενομένης ἐτῶν ιςʹ ἔτους σμδʹ μηνὸς ΑὐδονέουΑὐδυναίου αιʹ ἡμέρᾳ Ἑρμοῦ ΘάρσιΘάρσει οὐδίςοὐδείς ἀθάνατος ὁ Θεὸς ἀθάνατος +

Monument of Thoai, (daughter) of Prosdokios, who died (at the age) of 16 years, in (the) year 244, on (the) 11th (day) of (the) month Audynaios, on (the) day of Mercury (Wednesday). Be of good cheer, no one (is) immortal. (Only) God (is) immortal.

ΜνημῖονΜνημεῖον Ἀβδάλγην Βάγγα ἀποθανόνταςἀποθανόντος ἐτῶν οʹ ἔτους διακοσσιοστοῦδιακοσιοστοῦ τεσαρακοστοῦτεσσαρακοστοῦ ἐνάτου ἡμέρᾳ Ἄρεως

Monument of Abdalges, (son) of Vaggas, who died (at the age) of 70 years, in (the) two hundred and forty-ninth year, on (the) day of Mars (Tuesday)...